Assertion:
India continues to make strides in defence research.
RI. India wants to stand next to America in defence research.
RII. To ensure a high level of defence preparedness against hostile neighbours.
Answer: B
"Standing next to America" cannot be taken as a valid reason for Indian defence endeavours. Any action of a government evolves out of necessity or urge for development. Hence, RII is not a valid reason.
RII is a valid reason, as India has "hostile" neighbours. "Hostile" implies the presence of inimical and dangerous neighbours, which would necessitate high level of defence preparedness. Hence, RII is a strong and valid reason.