Statement:
All the black-marketeers of foreign currencies are seen near the port, whenever a new ship arrives. Mr. A, one such black-marketeer, is near the port.
Conclusions:
I. A new ship has arrived.
II. No new ship has arrived.
Answer: C
The sentence tells us that whenever a new ship arrives at the port, all the black marketeers of foreign currencies are seen at the port. The sentence does not tell us that black marketeers are always seen near ports, neither does it tell us that the arrival of a new ship is the 'only' reason for the black marketeers to be at the port. Therefore, a common fallacy here could be to assume that if a certain black marketeers was seen at the port, it means a new ship arrived. Given that Mr. A, a black marketeer, is at the port-does not conclusively prove that a ship has arrived, neither can we disprove the fact that a ship has arrived. However, out of the two given conclusions, one of them definitely follows. Thus, either I or II but not both follow.