In a school, there are 20 teachers who teach mathematics or physics. Of these, 12 teach mathematics and 4 teach both physics and mathematics. How many teach physics?
Answer: B
Let M be the set for Math teachers and P for Physics teachers.
n(M ∪ P) = 20, n(M) = 12, n(M ∩ P) = 4.
We use the formula n(M ∪ P) = n(M) + n(P) - n(M ∩ P).
20 = 12 + n(P) - 4
20 = 8 + n(P)
n(P) = 12.