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Pipes & Cistern

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Quantitative Aptitude – Pipes & Cistern

Calculate filling and emptying rates accurately using combined work logic.

1. Concept

An inlet pipe fills and outlet pipe empties. Net rate = sum(inlet rates) − outlet rate.

2. Formula

If inlet fills in a days and b days, and outlet empties in c days: net rate = \(1/a + 1/b - 1/c\). Time to fill = \(1 / \text{net rate}\).

3. Quick Tips

  • Convert times into rates (job/day) before combining.
  • Sign matters: outflow reduces net rate.

4. Mistakes to Avoid

  • Adding times instead of rates.
  • Confusing inlet and outlet contributions.

5. Revision Checklist

  • Practice inlet+outlet problems under time constraint.

Summary: Model pipes as work rates, combine correctly and solve for time with rate inversion.