In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).
Statement - Oligopoly is characterised by presence of competition.
The 5G broadband services are provided only by Company X.
Answer: C
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Statement:
All the black-marketeers of foreign currencies are seen near the port, whenever a new ship arrives. Mr. A, one such black-marketeer, is near the port.
Conclusions:
I. A new ship has arrived.
II. No new ship has arrived.
Answer: C
The sentence tells us that whenever a new ship arrives at the port, all the black marketeers of foreign currencies are seen at the port. The sentence does not tell us that black marketeers are always seen near ports, neither does it tell us that the arrival of a new ship is the 'only' reason for the black marketeers to be at the port. Therefore, a common fallacy here could be to assume that if a certain black marketeers was seen at the port, it means a new ship arrived. Given that Mr. A, a black marketeer, is at the port-does not conclusively prove that a ship has arrived, neither can we disprove the fact that a ship has arrived. However, out of the two given conclusions, one of them definitely follows. Thus, either I or II but not both follow.
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Statement:
A top Hollywood actor of Indian origin has given up his profession there and has come back to act in Indian films.
Conclusions:
I. Love of the motherland and a desire to work for his country made him come back to India.
II. He was facing some problem in the Hollywood film industry.
Answer: D
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Statements:
The Indian nuclear explosions have exposed the hypocrisy of the nuclear-haves and have filled the Indians with a sense of pride.
Assumptions:
I. The Indians are proud people.
II. If not for the nuclear explosions, the hypocrisy of the nuclear-haves would never have been exposed.
Answer: D
The nuclear-haves [countries possessing nuclear weapons] raised certain facts after the Indian explosions. These explosions also gave Indians a sense of pride. This does not imply that the nuclear-haves would never have realised the facts otherwise. The meaning of the phrase "sense of pride" used in the statement is different from the meaning of "proud people" used in assumption (I). Neither (I) nor (II) is an assumption.
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Statement:
This is the first time two women have been awarded the Nobel prize in medicine.
Conclusions:
I. This is not the first time that Nobel prize has been awarded in medicine.
II. Women have been awarded the Nobel prize in economics.
III. Earlier, women have been awarded the Nobel prize in medicine.
Answer: C
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Statement:
This world is neither good nor evil but each man interprets the world in his own way.
Conclusions:
I. Some people find this world quite good.
II. Some people find this world quite bad.
Answer: D
The statement is a rather philosophical one which states that the world is neither good nor bad and that each person interprets the world in his/her own way. This basically means that every person perceives this world in his/her terms. This implies that some people could perceive the good side of the world and some others would see the bad side. But we cannot generalise and say that all people find the world good or that all find it bad. The objection in the above case is to the use of the word 'all' which would mean a sweeping generalisation which is something that is not supported by the given statement. However, in this case conclusion I and II both follow on account of the word 'some'.
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Statement:
"Enjoy your challenges" - an advertisement of a car brand.
Assumptions:
I. People wish to enjoy challenges.
II. There are people who are willing to buy a car.
Answer: D
As the advertisement reads - enjoy challenges. It is as if an advise is given.
So, I is not implicit.
According to the statement people found these people to be good, but not the author by himself. Hence, II is not implicit. So, II is not implicit.
Neither I nor II is implicit.
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Statement:
The police in India have to cope with tremendous stress and strain while having to maintain security and order.
Assumptions:
I. In other countries, the police do not have to under go stress and strain while doing their duty.
II. The police are expected to do their duties without stress or strain.
Answer: B
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Statement:
I am surprised to find that every student is studying only English but not his or her mother tongue.
Assumptions:
I. It is a good sign that everybody is studying only English.
II. It is a bad sign that nobody is studying his or her mother tongue.
Answer: C
The opinion of the author must be either favourable [as given in (I)] or against [as given in (II)] to the phenomenon explained in the statement. Hence, either (I) or (II) is an assumption.
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In the question below is given a statement followed by two conclusions numbered I and II.
Give answer
(A) If only I follows
(B) If only II follows
(C) If either I or II follows
(D) If neither I nor II follows
(E) If both I and II follow.
Statement - Each man makes his own world; world is neither black nor white.
Conclusions -
I. This world is black for some people.
II. This world is white for some people.
Answer: D
The given statement says that each man manufactures a world for himself.
Everyone has a different opinion about their life, so in this case, both I and II follow.
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